Graves’ disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much thyroid hormone.
This overactivity, known as hyperthyroidism, speeds up many of the body’s functions and can have a profound impact on daily life.
The thyroid, a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, regulates critical bodily processes by controlling metabolism, energy usage, and even heart rate.
An excess of thyroid hormones can lead to a cascade of symptoms, some subtle and others severe, making early detection a challenge for many patients.
According to medical experts, symptoms often include unexplained weight loss, anxiety, increased appetite, trembling hands, fatigue, and intolerance to heat.
In about one-third of cases, Graves’ disease also affects the eyes, causing swelling, irritation, or bulging—sometimes called Graves’ ophthalmopathy.
The disease may also disrupt menstrual cycles, cause heart palpitations, and affect mental well-being, often mimicking the signs of chronic stress.
Diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels and detect the presence of specific antibodies.
Doctors emphasize that because symptoms are so varied, many people, like Moriarty, may mistake them for everyday issues or unrelated illnesses.
Women are five times more likely to develop Graves’ than men, and risk factors include family history, other autoimmune disorders, and lifestyle factors such as smoking.
Education about the disease’s signs and proactive health checks can dramatically improve outcomes for those at risk.